{"id":36519,"date":"2025-05-22T10:55:44","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T09:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/selfhelpafrica.org\/ie\/?p=36519"},"modified":"2025-05-22T11:07:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T10:07:00","slug":"how-pacific-warming-is-affecting-africas-weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/selfhelpafrica.org\/ie\/how-pacific-warming-is-affecting-africas-weather\/","title":{"rendered":"How Pacific warming is affecting Africa\u2019s weather"},"content":{"rendered":"

Countries in southern Africa have endured both severe and destructive tropical storms, extreme flooding and successive years of drought in recent times.<\/strong><\/p>

Scientists link these events to a climatic phenomenon happening thousands of miles away in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, with a warming of sea surface temperature and changes to air pressure and atmospheric conditions known as the El Ni\u00f1o\/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) blamed for some of southern Africa\u2019s extreme weather events.<\/p>


Although there is no definitive agreement in the scientific community on how climate change impacts El Ni\u00f1o, what isn\u2019t in dispute is that weather conditions across the region are getting more extreme and unpredictable, and small-scale food producers are bearing the brunt.
<\/p>

Cyclone Idai caused extensive flooding, claiming hundreds of lives and leaving tens of thousands of families homeless in Mozambique in March 2019. The clean-up operation from this event had barely started when Cyclone Kenneth swept across the region, just six weeks later.<\/p>


This was followed in early 2023 by Tropical Cyclone Freddy, which swept through Madagascar, Mozambique and Malawi, causing further devastation.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a>
Tropical Cyclone Freddy, Malawi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>


Meanwhile, the failure of seasonal rains in regions of Zambia as a result of the El Ni\u00f1o event has caused poor yields and, in some places, complete crop failure of the household food staple maize in recent years.<\/p>


El Ni\u00f1o was forecasted in late 2023, so Self Help Africa was able to warn farmers and agricultural businesses well in advance and provide recommendations to mitigate the drought risks. These businesses stocked drought-tolerant and quick-maturing varieties, and those farmers who planted sorghum, pearl millet and cowpeas instead of maize achieved a reasonable harvest.<\/p>


In Zambia, many farmers responded favourably to a Government campaign that contributed towards replenishing national stocks of maize, prompting farmers to plant the crop, which later failed across most of the southern half of the country.<\/p>


By early 2024, the prolonged drought had reportedly affected 84 of Zambia\u2019s 116 districts, destroying nearly half of the country\u2019s maize crops (about one million hectares). A state of emergency was declared in late February, with estimates indicating that 5.8 million people (33 per cent of the population) may face acute food insecurity between October 2024 and March 2025. Among them, 236,000 people are expected to reach Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Phase 4 (emergency) while 5.6 million people may be in IPC Phase 3 (crisis).<\/p>


Despite efforts to protect families from extreme weather, resource-poor farming households have limited adaptative capacity.<\/p>

\"\"<\/a>
Floods and cyclones have become more commonplace in Malawi, where rural poor communities are the worst affected<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>


To enable communities to better anticipate shocks, Self Help Africa invested in rain gauges, river flow gauges and automatic weather stations to improve the accuracy of early warning systems (EWS). Over 190 manual and automatic weather stations and seven river-line gauges to monitor river levels have been installed across Self Help Africa programmes in primary schools and at community centres in Malawi and Zambia. These activities contribute to both wider national weather data collection, while also providing local communities with earlier warning of imminent weather changes.<\/p>

El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a. What are they?
<\/h4>\n\n

During normal conditions in the Pacific Ocean, trade winds blow west along the equator, taking warm water from South America towards Asia. To replace that warm water, cold water rises from the depths.
<\/p>\n\n

El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a are two opposing climate patterns that break these normal conditions. Scientists call these phenomena the El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a can both have global impacts on weather, wildfires, ecosystems and economies. Episodes of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a typically last nine to 12 months, but can sometimes last for years. El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a events occur every two to seven years, on average, but they don\u2019t occur on a regular schedule. Generally, El Ni\u00f1o occurs more frequently than La Ni\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>

Indian Ocean Dipole
<\/h4>\n\n

During normal conditions in the Pacific Ocean, trade winds blow west along the equator, taking warm water from South America towards Asia. To replace that warm water, cold water rises from the depths.
<\/p>\n\n

El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a are two opposing climate patterns that break these normal conditions. Scientists call these phenomena the El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a can both have global impacts on weather, wildfires, ecosystems and economies. Episodes of El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a typically last nine to 12 months, but can sometimes last for years. El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a events occur every two to seven years, on average, but they don\u2019t occur on a regular schedule. Generally, El Ni\u00f1o occurs more frequently than La Ni\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n

<\/div>\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Countries in southern Africa have endured both severe and destructive tropical storms, extreme flooding and successive years of drought in recent times. Scientists link these events to a climatic phenomenon happening thousands of miles away in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, with a warming of sea surface temperature and changes to … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n Read More<\/a>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":28959,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[677,1265,637,679],"tags":[183,196,1238,211,1270,292],"class_list":["post-36519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-malawi","category-mozambique","category-news","category-zambia","tag-climate-change","tag-drought","tag-el-nino","tag-malawi","tag-mozambique","tag-zambia"],"yoast_head":"\nHow Pacific warming is affecting Africa\u2019s weather - Self Help Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/selfhelpafrica.org\/ie\/how-pacific-warming-is-affecting-africas-weather\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Pacific warming is affecting Africa\u2019s weather\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Countries in southern Africa have endured both severe and destructive tropical storms, extreme flooding and successive years of drought in recent times. 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